USOS DEL
PAST SIMPLE:
El PAST SIMPLE es un tiempo verbal
en inglés que se utiliza para:
-
Hablar de HECHOS DEL PASADO:
Yo
|
era
|
joven
|
I
|
was
|
young
|
-
Hablar de cosas que pasaban con cierta REGULARIDAD:
o Para ello
tenemos que saber los ADVERBIOS (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY):
Siempre
|
Always
|
Nunca
|
Never
|
Algunas veces
|
Sometimes
|
A menudo
|
Often
|
Usualmente
|
Usually
|
o Por
ejemplo:
Yo
|
nunca
|
comía
|
carne
|
I
|
never
|
ate
|
meat
|
Tu
|
siempre
|
comías
|
verdura
|
You
|
always
|
ate
|
vegetables
|
EL VERBO TO BE:
Este es el verbo TO BE en past
simple:
TO BE
|
SER O ESTAR
|
I was
|
Yo era /Yo estaba
|
You were
|
Tú eras / Tú estabas
|
He was
|
Él era / Él estaba
|
She was
|
Ella era / Ella estaba
|
It was
|
Eso era / Eso estaba
|
We were
|
Nosotros éramos /estábamos
|
You were
|
Vosotros erais / estabais
|
They were
|
Ellos eran / estaban
|
El verbo TO BE es un verbo un poco
peculiar en inglés en todas sus formas, por lo que hay que estudiarlo a parte.
Es necesario aprender como expresar
el verbo ser y estar, porque tiene formas diferentes.
Pero para expresar en presente este
verbo solo tenemos que seguir la tabla anterior, lo podemos ver en el ejemplo:
Yo
|
era
|
alto
|
I
|
was
|
tall
|
Tu
|
eras
|
guapo
|
You
|
were
|
handsome
|
Él
|
era
|
Simpático
|
He
|
was
|
friendly
|
Ella
|
estaba
|
en
|
Barcelona
|
She
|
was
|
in
|
Barcelona
|
Nosotros
|
estábamos
|
en
|
Londres
|
We
|
were
|
in
|
London
|
Si miramos los ejemplos, el ejemplo, lo único que tenemos que
hacer es completar con el pronombre i el verbo que toca, y completar la frase
con las palabras que necesitemos.
PRACTIQUEMOS…
Pon las siguientes frases en inglés:
Yo era
delgado (thin)
|
|
Tú eras
elegante (smart)
|
|
Él era
especial (special)
|
|
Ella era
joven (young)
|
|
Esto era
verde (green)
|
|
Nosotros
éramos amigos (friends)
|
|
Vosotros
erais simpáticos (friendly)
|
|
Ellos eran
listos (clever)
|
|
Yo estaba en
Barcelona
|
|
Tú estabas
en Mallorca
|
|
Él estaba en
Madrid
|
|
Ella estaba
en Sevilla
|
|
Nosotros
estabamos en Zaragoza
|
|
Comprobemos como ha ido el ejercicio anterior…
Yo era
delgado (thin)
|
I was thin
|
Tú eras
elegante (smart)
|
You were smart
|
Él era
especial (special)
|
He was special
|
Ella era
joven (young)
|
She was young
|
Esto era
verde (green)
|
It was green
|
Nosotros
éramos amigos (friends)
|
We were friends
|
Vosotros
erais simpáticos (friendly)
|
You were friendly
|
Ellos eran
listos (clever)
|
They were clever
|
Yo estaba en
Barcelona
|
I was in Barcelona
|
Tú estabas
en Mallorca
|
You were in Mallorca
|
Él estaba en
Madrid
|
He was in Madrid
|
Ella estaba
en Sevilla
|
She was in Sevilla
|
Nosotros
estábamos en Zaragoza
|
We were in Zaragoza
|
Para hacer PREGUNTAS i FRASES NEGATIVAS con el verbo TO BE,
solo tenemos que seguir los pasos siguientes:
Para la interrogativa:
Para hacer preguntas con el verbo
TO BE solo tenemos que girar el pronombre o no nombre, y el verbo, así:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
were
|
tall
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were
|
you
|
tall?
|
Para la negativa:
Solo tenemos que añadir el not
después del verbo. El not ocupará siempre el tercer lugar de la frase, contando
desde el pronombre/nombre. Así:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
were
|
tall
|
|
Negativa:
|
You
|
were
|
not
|
tall
|
También podemos abreviar el verbo i
el not. La forma abreviada se usa en el lenguaje informal, mientras que la no
abreviada se usa en el formal. Estas son las formas abreviadas:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
were
|
tall
|
Negativa:
|
You
|
weren’t
|
tall
|
|
|||
Afirmativa:
|
He
|
was
|
tall
|
Negativa:
|
He
|
wasn’t
|
tall
|
|
|||
Afirmativa:
|
I
|
was
|
tall
|
Negativa:
|
I
|
wasn’t
|
tall
|
A continuación practicaremos con las frases anteriores las
formas negativa i interrogativa:
I was thin
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
You were smart
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
He was special
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
She was young
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
It was green
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
We were friends
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
You were friendly
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
They were clever
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
I was in Barcelona
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
You were in Mallorca
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
He was in Madrid
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
She was in Sevilla
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
We were in Zaragoza
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
Comprobemos como ha ido el ejercicio anterior…
I was thin
|
Interrogativa:
|
Was I thin?
|
Negativa:
|
I was not thin. // I wasn’t thin.
|
|
You were smart
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were you smart?
|
Negativa:
|
You were not smart. // You weren’t smart.
|
|
He was special
|
Interrogativa:
|
Was he special?
|
Negativa:
|
He was not special. // He wasn’t special.
|
|
She was young
|
Interrogativa:
|
Is she young?
|
Negativa:
|
She is not young. // She isn’t young.
|
|
It was green
|
Interrogativa:
|
Was it green?
|
Negativa:
|
It was not green. // It wasn’t green.
|
|
We were friends
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were we friends?
|
Negativa:
|
We were not friends. // We weren’t friends
|
|
You were friendly
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were you friendly?
|
Negativa:
|
You were not friendly. // You weren’t friendly.
|
|
They were clever
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were they clever?
|
Negativa:
|
They were not clever. // They weren’t clever.
|
|
I was in Barcelona
|
Interrogativa:
|
Was I in Barcelona?
|
Negativa:
|
I was not in Barcelona. // I wasn’t in Barcelona.
|
|
You were in Mallorca
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were you in Mallorca?
|
Negativa:
|
You were not in Mallorca. // You weren’t in Mallorca.
|
|
He was in Madrid
|
Interrogativa:
|
Was he in Madrid?
|
Negativa:
|
He was not in Madrid. // He wasn’t in Madrid.
|
|
She was in Sevilla
|
Interrogativa:
|
Was she in Sevilla?
|
Negativa:
|
She was not in Sevilla. // She wasn’t in Sevilla.
|
|
We were in Zaragoza
|
Interrogativa:
|
Were we in Zaragoza?
|
Negativa:
|
We were not in Zaragoza. // We weren’t in Zaragoza.
|
EL VERBO TO
HAVE GOT:
TO HAVE GOT significa en castellano TENER. Este es otro de
los verbos especiales en inglés, así que tenemos que explicarlo a parte.
A continuación podemos ver como se conjuga en pasado simple:
TO HAVE GOT
|
TENER
|
I had got
|
Yo tenía
|
You had got
|
Tú tenías
|
He had got
|
Él tenía
|
She had got
|
Ella tenía
|
It had got
|
Eso tenía
|
We had got
|
Nosotros teníamos
|
You had got
|
Vosotros teníais
|
They had got
|
Ellos tenían
|
A continuación podéis ver diversos ejemplos de frases con el
verbo TO HAVE GOT:
Yo
|
tenía
|
un coche
|
I
|
had got
|
a car
|
Tú
|
tenías
|
un avión
|
You
|
had got
|
a plane
|
Ella
|
tenía
|
vestidos
|
She
|
had got
|
dresses
|
Nosotros
|
teníamos
|
dos casas
|
We
|
had got
|
Two houses
|
PRACTIQUEMOS…
Pon las siguientes frases en inglés:
Yo tenía
cuatro hermanos. (brothers)
|
|
Tú tenías
dos pantalones. (trousers)
|
|
Él tenía una
casa.
|
|
Ella tenía
dos bolígrafos. (pen)
|
|
Esto tenía
habitaciones. (room)
|
|
Nosotros teníamos
verduras. (vegetables)
|
|
Vosotros teníais
un lápiz. (pencil)
|
|
Ellos tenían
un perro. (dog)
|
|
Comprobemos como ha salido el ejercicio…
Yo tenía
cuatro hermanos. (brother)
|
I had got four brothers.
|
Tú tenías
dos pantalones. (trousers)
|
You had got two trousers.
|
Él tenía una
casa.
|
He had got a house.
|
Ella tenía
dos bolígrafos. (pen)
|
She had got two pens.
|
Esto tenía
habitaciones. (room)
|
It had got rooms.
|
Nosotros
teníamos verduras. (vegetables)
|
We had got vegetables.
|
Vosotros teníais
un lápiz. (pencil)
|
You had got a pencil.
|
Ellos tenían
un perro. (dog)
|
They had got a dog.
|
Para hacer preguntas i frases negativas con el verbo TO HAVE
GOT tenemos que seguir los siguientes pasos:
Para las frases interrogativas:
Tenemos que cambiar el have o has
por el pronombre o nombre, como en la frase siguiente:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
had
|
got
|
a dog.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had
|
you
|
got
|
a dog?
|
Para las frases negativas:
Añadimos not
entre el have i el got, así:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
had
|
got
|
a dog.
|
|
Interrogativa:
|
You
|
had
|
not
|
got
|
a dog.
|
Como en el caso del verbo TO BE,
también existe una forma abreviada de frase negativa que utilizaremos para
hablar de forma coloquial, las formas abreviadas son las siguientes:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
had got
|
dogs
|
Negativa:
|
You
|
hadn’t got
|
dogs
|
|
|||
Afirmativa:
|
He
|
Had got
|
dogs
|
Negativa:
|
He
|
hadn’t got
|
dogs
|
Ahora practicaremos las frases negativa i interrogativa con
el verbo TO HAVE GOT, con los ejemplos del ejercicio anterior:
Yo tenía
cuatro hermanos.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Tú tenías
dos pantalones.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Él tenía una
casa.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Ella tenía
dos bolígrafos.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Esto tenía
habitaciones.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Nosotros
teníamos verduras.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Vosotros
teníais un lápiz.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
Ellos tenían
un perro.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
Comprobemos como ha ido el ejercicio anterior…
Yo tenía
cuatro hermanos.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had I got four brothers?
|
Negativa:
|
I had not got four brothers. // I hadn’t got four brothers.
|
|
Tú tenías
dos pantalones.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had you got two trousers?
|
Negativa:
|
You had not got two trousers. //
You hadn’t got two trousers.
|
|
Él tenía una
casa.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had he got a house?
|
Negativa:
|
He had not got a house. // He hadn’t got a house.
|
|
Ella tenía
dos bolígrafos.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had she got two pens?
|
Negativa:
|
She had not got two pens. // She hadn’t got two pens.
|
|
Esto tenía
habitaciones.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had it got rooms?
|
Negativa:
|
It had not got rooms. // It hadn’t got rooms.
|
|
Nosotros
teníamos verduras.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had we got vegetables?
|
Negativa:
|
We had not got vegetables. // We hadn’t got vegetables.
|
|
Vosotros
teníais un lápiz.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had you got a pencil?
|
Negativa:
|
You had not got a pencil. // You hadn’t got a pencil.
|
|
Ellos tenían
un perro.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Had they got a dog?
|
Negativa:
|
They had not got a dog. // They hadn’t got a dog.
|
LOS OTROS
VERBOS:
Para los otros verbos que no son TO BE o TO HAVE GOT, existen
reglas generales.
A la hora de conjugar, solo tenemos que saber si estamos
delante de un verbo REGULAR, al que añadiremos –ED siempre, o delante de un
verbo IRREGULAR, que tiene formas irregulares que podremos encontrar en una
lista.
VERBO REGULAR
|
|
VERBO IRREGULAR
|
||
TO PLAY
|
JUGAR
|
|
TO GO
|
IR
|
I played
|
Yo jugaba
|
|
I went
|
Yo iba
|
You played
|
Tú jugabas
|
|
You went
|
Tú ibas
|
He played
|
Él jugaba
|
|
He went
|
Él iba
|
She played
|
Ella jugaba
|
|
She went
|
Ella iba
|
It played
|
Eso jugaba
|
|
It went
|
Eso iba
|
We played
|
Nosotros jugábamos
|
|
We went
|
Nosotros íbamos
|
You played
|
Vosotros jugabais
|
|
You went
|
Vosotros ibais
|
They played
|
Ellos jugaban
|
|
They went
|
Ellos iban
|
Aquí tenemos algunos ejemplos de frases en past simple con
diversos verbos:
Yo
|
dormía
|
mucho
|
I
|
slept
|
a lot
|
Tú
|
trabajabas
|
duro
|
You
|
worked
|
hard
|
Él
|
vivía
|
en Madrid
|
He
|
lived
|
in Madrid
|
Ella
|
hacía
|
los deberes
|
She
|
did
|
the homework
|
Eso
|
brillaba
|
mucho
|
It
|
shined
|
a lot
|
Nosotros
|
íbamos
|
al cine
|
We
|
went
|
to the cinema
|
Vosotros
|
hablabais
|
Inglés
|
You
|
spoke
|
English
|
Ellos
|
cantaban
|
muy bien
|
They
|
sang
|
very well
|
PRACTIQUEMOS…
Completa el siguiente cuadro con cada frase en inglés:
Yo tocaba (play) el piano.
|
|
Tú corrías (run) cada día.
|
|
Él nadaba (swim) muy
bien.
|
|
Ella estudiaba
(study)
mucho.
|
|
Eso grababa (record) música.
|
|
Nosotros
fabricábamos (make)
coches.
|
|
Vosotros
caminabais (walk)
siempre.
|
|
Ellas comían
(eat)
verduras.
|
|
Comprobemos como ha ido el ejercicio anterior…
Yo tocaba el
piano.
|
I played the piano.
|
Tú corrías
cada día.
|
You ran every day.
|
Él nadaba
muy bien.
|
He swam very well.
|
Ella estudiaba mucho.
|
She studied a lot.
|
Eso grababa
música.
|
It recorded music.
|
Nosotros
fabricábamos coches.
|
We made cars.
|
Vosotros
caminabais siempre.
|
You always walked.
|
Ellas comían
verduras.
|
They ate vegetables.
|
Para hacer las frases INTERROGATIVAS i NEGATIVAS, con los
verbos que no son el TO BE i el TO HAVE GOT, necesitamos un verbo auxiliar,
este verbo es el TO DO, esta vez lo necesitamos en pasado:
TO DO
|
I did
|
You did
|
He did
|
She did
|
It did
|
We did
|
You did
|
They did
|
El verbo to do, al mismo tiempo que es un verbo auxiliar,
también es un verbo más, que significa hacer. Pero con otros verbos, hace la
función de auxiliar, necesario para formar la negativa i la interrogativa de
las frases con otros verbos.
Como hacer la interrogativa:
Para hacer la interrogativa, solo tenemos que añadir DID
delante del pronombre o nombre i poner el verbo principal en presente, porque
no pueden haber dos pasados en la misma frase, como en el ejemplo siguiente:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
lived
|
in Madrid
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did you
|
live
|
in Madrid?
|
Como hacer la negativa:
Para hacer la negativa tenemos que añadir DID NOT entre el
pronombre i el verbo i poner el verbo principal en presente, como en la frase
siguiente:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
lived
|
in Madrid
|
||
Negativa:
|
You
|
did not
|
live
|
in Madrid?
|
|
Como en los casos de las negativas anteriores, para los demás
verbos también existen formas abreviadas. Esta forma es el DIDN’T. En los
siguientes ejemplos veremos cómo hacerlo:
Afirmativa:
|
You
|
lived
|
in Madrid
|
Negativa:
|
You
|
didn’t live
|
in Madrid
|
|
|||
Afirmativa:
|
He
|
lived
|
in Madrid
|
Negativa:
|
He
|
didn’t live
|
in Madrid
|
PRACTIQUEMOS…
Completa el cuadro con las frases en negativa i
interrogativa:
I played the piano.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
You ran every day.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
He swam very well.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
She studied a lot.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
It recorded music.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
We made cars.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
You always walked.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
|
They ate vegetables.
|
Interrogativa:
|
|
Negativa:
|
|
Comprobemos como ha ido el ejercicio anterior…
I played the piano.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did I play the piano?
|
Negativa:
|
I did not play the piano. // I didn’t
play the piano.
|
|
You ran every day.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did you run every day?
|
Negativa:
|
You did not run every day. // You
didn’t run every day.
|
|
He swam very well.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did he swim very well?
|
Negativa:
|
He did not swim very well. // He
didn’t swim very well.
|
|
She studied a lot.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did she study a lot?
|
Negativa:
|
She did not study a lot. // She
didn’t study a lot.
|
|
It recorded music.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did it record music?
|
Negativa:
|
It did not record music. // It didn’t
record music.
|
|
We made cars.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did we make cars?
|
Negativa:
|
We did not make cars. // We didn’t
make cars.
|
|
You always walked.
|
Interrogativa:
|
Did you always walk?
|
Negativa:
|
You did not always walk. // You
didn’t always run.
|
|
They ate vegetables.
|
Interrogativa:
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Did they eat vegetables?
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Negativa:
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They did not eat vegetables. //
They didn’t eat vegetables.
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